Triṃśikā
The Triṃśikā (T. sum cu pa; C. Weishi sanshi lun song; J. Yuishiki sanjūronju 唯識三十論頌), also known as Triṃśikā-vijñaptimātratā, or in English as Thirty Stanzas on Consciousness Only, is a treatise by the Indian pandit Vasubandhu. It was composed in the 4th or 5th century CE and became one of the core texts for the Yogācāra school.
In this text, Vasubandhu touches on foundational Yogācāra concepts such as the storehouse consciousness, the three natures, and so on. This text, together with Vasubandhu's Vimśatikā, form a standard summary of Vasubandhu's understanding of Yogācāra.[1]
Text
The original Sanskrit version of this text is extant.[1]
- Chinese translation
- The text was translated into Chinese by Xuanzang in 648 CE.
- Chinese text available at dharmaebooks.org
- Tibetan translation
- The text was translated into Tibetan by Jinamitra, Śīlendrabodhi and Nanam Yeshe De.[2] The Tibetan translation of this text can be found in the Dergé Tengyur, Toh 4055.
- Tibetan text available at dharmaebooks.org
Translations into English
From Sanskrit source text:
- Dharmavardhana Jñānagarbha (Mattia Salvini) (2022), Ācārya Vasubandhu’s Thirty Verses (Triṁśikā): A Manual for Students, saugatam.org
- Stefan Anacker, Seven Works of Vasubandhu: The Buddhist Psychological Doctor, Motilal Banarsidass, 2nd Edition, 2002, pp. 157-179, Archive version
From Tibetan source text:
- Vasubandhu (2022), The Thirty Verses, translated by Khenpo David Karma Choephel, Dharma Ebooks
From Chinese source text:
- "Triṃśikā Vijñaptimātratā:". Lapis Lazuli Texts. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
- Johnson, Peter Lunde (2018), The Thirty Stanzas of Verse On There Only Being The Virtual Nature of Consciousness (Vijñapti Matratā Triṃśikā Kārikāḥ (唯識三十論頌) [1], An Lac Publications
Commentaries
Indian commentaries
Early Indian commentaries
In India, the most influential commentary on the Triṃśikā was written by Sthiramati in the 6th century.[1] The Chinese translator Xuanzang, who studied at Nalanda in the 7th century under Śīlabhadra, studied the Triṃśikā and ten known prose commentaries on the text. These commentaries were by Sthiramati, Dharmapala of Nalanda, Nanda, Citrabhānu, Guṇamati, Jinamitra, Jñānamitra, Jñānacandra, Bandhuśrī, Śuddhacandra, and Jinaputra.[3]
Xuanzang translation to Chinese
Xuanzang initially intended to translate all of early Indian commentaries, but on the advice of his students, especially Kuiji, Xuanzang instead chose to combine them into a single text that focused primarily on Dharmapala's commentary.[3] Among the other commentators, Xuanzang most often included excerpts from Sthiramati, Nanda, and Citrabhānu, but usually only to provide contrast with Dharmapala. The result of this work was the Cheng Weishi Lun, which became the most important text for the tradition of East Asian Yogācāra.[3] Xuanzang's student Kuiji in turn created his own commentary on this text, the Cheng weishi lun shuji.[4]
Later Indian commentaries
After Xuanzang's pilgrimage, Indian commentary on the Triṃśikā continued to be produced. In the late 7th century or early 8th century, Vinītadeva, also working at Nalanda, produced commentaries on both the Triṃśikā and the Viṃśatikā which survive in Tibetan translation and some Sanskrit fragments.[5]
Contemporary English language commentaries
- Dharmavardhana Jñānagarbha (Mattia Salvini) (2022), Ācārya Vasubandhu’s Thirty Verses (Triṁśikā): A Manual for Students, saugatam.org
- Ben Connelly (2016), Inside Vasubandhu's Yogacara, Wisdom Publications
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Buswell & Lopez 2014, s.v. Triṃśikā.
- ↑ Vasubandhu 2022
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Buswell & Lopez 2014, s.v. Cheng weishi lun.
- ↑ Buswell & Lopez 2014, s.v. Cheng weishi lunshu ji.
- ↑ Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1985), "The Sanskrit Fragments of Vinītadeva's "Triṃśikā-ṭīkā"", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 48 (3): 470–492, doi:10.1017/S0041977X00038441, JSTOR 618497
Sources
Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2014), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University- Vasubandhu (2022), The Thirty Verses, translated by Khenpo David Karma Choephel, Dharma Ebooks
External links
