Treasury of Valid Reasoning

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Thangka painting of Sakya Pandita, Eastern Tibet, 18th century.

Treasury of Valid Reasoning (T. tshad ma rigs gter ཚད་མ་རིགས་གཏེར་) is a classic work on logic and epistemology (Skt. pramana) by the Tibetan scholar Sakya Pandita. This text "constitutes a clarifying analysis of the main philosophical problems to be met with in the works of Dignaga and Dharmakirti. As such, it is more or less a synthetic commentary to their works."[1]

In particular, this work refutes the assertions of earlier Tibetan masters, especially Chapa Chökyi Sengé. In the text, Sakya Pandita critiqued Chapa's interpretation of Dharmakirti and "strongly reffirmed Dharmakirti’s antirealism. Sapan’s approach, powerfully sustained (with minor differences) by Gorampa and Sakya Chokden, was accepted as normative by Sakyapas and the other non-Gelugpa traditions.”[2]

The text was held to be of such importance that it was translated into Sanskrit and used by contemporary Indian logicians.[3]

Outline

The text consists of the following eleven chapters:[3][4]

  1. Investigation of the object (Wyl. yul brtag pa)
  2. Investigation of the mind (Wyl. blo brtag pa)
  3. Investigation of the universal and particular ('Wyl. 'spyi dang bye brag brtag pa)
  4. Investigation of existence and 'other-exclusion' (Wyl. sgrub pa dang gzhan sel brtag pa)
  5. Investigation of the object of an expression and the expressor (Wyl. brjod bya dang brjod byed brtag pa)
  6. Investigation of relation (Wyl. 'brel ba brtag pa)
  7. Investigation of opposition (Wyl. 'gal ba brtag pa)
  8. Investigation of the definition (Wyl. mtshan nyid brtag pa)
  9. Investigation of direct perception (Wyl. mngon sum brtag pa)
  10. Investigation of inference for oneself (Wyl. rang don rjes su dpag pa brtag pa)
  11. Investigation of inference for others (Wyl. gzhan don rjes su dpag pa brtag pa)

Tibetan commentaries

  • Khenpo Drayab Lodrö (no longer extant)
  • Khenpo Lodrö Zangpo (1924-1986), ཚད་མ་རིགས་པའི་གཏེར་གྱི་ལེགས་བཤད་བཟང་པོ་གསུམ་ལྡན་, tshad ma rigs pa'i gter gyi legs bshad bzang po gsum ldan

Notes

  1. ↑ van der Kuijp 1979, p. 409.
  2. ↑ Shantarakshita & Jamgon Mipham 2005, Translators Introduction.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Treasury of Valid Reasoning, Rigpa Shedra Wiki
  4. ↑ van der Kuijp 1979, pp. 409-410.

Sources

Further reading

English

  • Zoltán Horváth, 'Structure and Content of the Chad-ma rigs-pa'i gter, An Epistemological Treatise of Saskya Pandita' in Louis Ligeti (ed.), Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Korös. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984.
  • David P. Jackson, 'Commentaries on the Writings of Sa skya Pandita: A Bibliographical Sketch' in The Tibet Journal, Vol.VIII, No.3, Autumn 1983.
  • Leonard W. J. van der Kuijp, 'Tibetan Contributions to the 'Apoha' Theory: The Fourth Chapter of the Tshad-ma Rigs-pa'i gter' in Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1979, pp. 408-422. Sci-hub version
  • Leonard W. J. van der Kuijp. Contributions to the Development of Tibetan Buddhist Epistemology from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Century. Wiesbaden, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1983.

French

  • Pascale Hugon, Trésors du raisonnement. Sa skya Pan dita et ses prédécesseurs tibétains sur les modes de fonctionnement de la pensée et le fondement de l'inférence Édition et traduction annotée du quatrième chapitre et d'une section du dixième chapitre du Tshad ma rigs pa'i gter (2008) 2 vols; 854p.

External links

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